Localización de lesiones mamarias subclínicas con marcador metálico (arponaje): análisis de los márgenes quirúrgicos / Localization of subclinical breast lesions with a metal marker (hookwire): surgical margins analysis

Introducción: la resección de la lesión con márgenes libres de tumor es el objetivo de la cirugía conservadora del cáncer mamario. Si hay tumor en el margen quirúrgico la tasa derecurrencia será más alta. Objetivos: se evalúa la experiencia del Centro de Diagnóstico Mamario (CENDIMA) de laAsociación Española Primera de Socorros Mutuos en cuanto a la cirugía conservadora del cáncer mamario guiada por marcador metálico. Se estudia la amplitud de los márgenesquirúrgicos y se analizan los factores que se asocian con la obtención de márgenes positivos. Material y método: se analizan todos los casos de cáncer mamario subclínico tratados concirugía conservadora guiada por marcador metálico desde enero de 2007 a diciembre de 2009 (147 casos).Resultados: los márgenes fueron positivos (en contacto con la lesión o con una amplitud de hasta 1 mm) en 39 casos (26%) y negativos (con una amplitud de 2 mm o mayor) en 108 casos (74%). El tamaño promedio de la lesión fue mayor en los casos con márgenes positivos (15,6 mm contra 11,4 mm). En la población con márgenes positivos se observó mayor frecuencia de un componente ductal in situ (82% contra 42%), y mayor frecuencia de microcalcificaciones en la imagenmamográfica (51% contra 14%). Se realizó la reexcisión por márgenes insuficientes en 42 casos (29%) y se encontró tumor residual en 21 de estos casos (50%). Conclusión: el perfil de la lesión con mayor probabilidad de que los márgenes quirúrgicos sean positivos luego de la cirugía conservadora guiada por marcador metálico es el siguiente: lesión mayor de 10 mm, con un componente ductal in situ en su histología y con microcalcificaciones en la imagen.

Introduction: lesion resection with tumor free margins is the objective in breast cancer. If there is a tumor in thesurgical margin the rates of recurrence will be higher. Objectives: to evaluate the experience at the Centro deDiagnóstico Mamario (CENDIMA û Breast Diagnosis Center) of the Asociación Española Primera de SocorrosMutuos, in terms of conservative surgery of breast cancer guided by metal markers. The surgical margins width and the factors associated with the positive margins are studied.Method: we analysed all cases of subclinical breast cancer treated with conservative surgery guided by metalmarkers from January 2007 through December 2009 (147 cases). Results: margins were positive (in contact with the lesion or nearest margin width was up to 1mm) in 39 cases (26%) and negative (width was 22 mm or larger) in 108 cases (74%). Average lesion size was greater the positive margincases (15,6 mm compared to 11,4 mm).An in-situ ductal component was more frequently observed among the positive margins population (82% comparesto 42%), and microcalcifications were more frequent in mammographic images (51% compared to 14%). Re-excisiondue to insufficient margins was performed in 42 cases (29%) and residual tumors were found in 21 of these cases (50%). Conclusion: the profile of the lesion that is more likelyto evidence positive surgical margins after a conservative surgery guided by a metal marker is the following: lesiongreater than 10 mm, with an in-situ component in its histology and microcalcification observed in the image.

Introdução: a resecção da lesão com margens sem tumor é o objetivo da cirurgia conservadora de câncer de mama. A presença de tumor na margem cirúrgica faz com que a taxa de reincidência seja mais alta. Objetivos: avaliar a experiência do Centro de Diagnóstico Mamário (CENDIMA) da Asociación Española Primera de Socorros Mutuos nas cirurgias conservadoras de câncer de mama guiadas por fio metálico. Faz-se o estudoda dimensão das margens cirúrgicas e analisam-se os fatores associados à obtenção de margens positivas. Material e método: faz-se uma análise de todos oscasos de câncer de mama subclínico tratados com cirurgia conservadora guiada por fio metálico no período janeiro de 2007 a dezembro de 2009 (147 casos). Resultados: as margens foram positivas (em contato com a lesão ou com até 1 mm de dimensão) em 39 casos (26%) e negativos (com 22 mm ou mais de extensão) em 108 casos (74%). O tamanho médio da lesão era maior nos casos com margens positivas (15,6 mm contra 11,4 mm). Na população com margens positivas observou-se uma maior freqüência de um componente ductal in situ (82%contra 42%), e maior freqüência de microcalcificações nas imagens mamográficas (51% contra 14%). Em 42 casos (29%) fez-se uma reextirpação por margens insuficientes eem 21 destes casos havia tumor residual (50%). Conclusão: o perfil da lesão com maior probabilidade de ter margens cirúrgicas positivas depois de uma cirurgia guiada por fio metálico é: lesão com mais de 10 mm, comcomponente ductal in situ na histologia e com microcalcificações na imagenologia.

Clinical evaluation of a panel of mRNA markers in the detection of disseminated tumor cells in patients with operable breast cancer.

Persistent high mortality rates in breast cancer patients, in spite of latest advances in diagnosis and therapy, affirm the necessity of new developments in tumor biology prognostic factors. Immunocytochemical detection of disseminated breast cancer cells in bone marrow has been frequently associated with a decrease in disease-free survival as an independent prognostic factor, but methods based on molecular biology procedures must still be validated. Considering tumor heterogeneity, the multimarker approach has been suggested as a better strategy than individual marker assays. The aim of this work was evaluation of the prognostic value of a multimarker reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, associating four mRNA markers for the detection of disseminated breast cancer cells. We compared the prognostic significance of cytokeratin 19 (CK19), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), mammaglobin (MG) and the mucin MUC5B mRNA in bone marrow aspirates in the follow-up of 80 operable breast cancer patients. The best prognostic value for clinical outcome was seen for CEA mRNA, not improved for any association with other markers. Unexpectedly, some tumor mRNA in bone marrow correlates with a favorable clinical outcome, especially MUC5B. Therefore, our results suggest that not all epithelial or tumor markers have the same significance in predicting the metastatic potential of disseminated cancer cells. New parameters are needed for the identification of individual patients at high risk of tumor recurrence. Multimarker RT-PCR assays could be a good approach, but they should be performed associating mRNA markers that are able to predict tumor aggressiveness associated with poor outcome and not just epithelial markers, which only indicate the mere presence of tumor cells.

Análisis de sobrevida de una población con cáncer de mama y su relación con factores pronósticos: estudio de 1.311 pacientes seguidas durante 230 meses: trabajo de equipo multidisciplinario / Survival analysis i a population with breast cancer and its pronostic factors: 230 months-follow up in 1.311 women

A partir de una población de 1.311 mujeres con cáncer de mama diagnosticadas, tratadas y seguidas en un mismo centro de patología mamaria, el Centro de Diagnóstico Mamario (CENDIMA), durante un lapso de 230 meses, se realiza el análisis descriptivo, el análisis de sobrevida y el de sobrevida libre de enfermedad correlacionándolo con factores pronósticos conocidos para dicha enfermedad. Los dos parámetros de mayor peso pronóstico con valor estadístico para esta población en relación con el intervalo libre de enfermedad fueron el estatus ganglionar y el estadio; el estatus ganglionar y el score histológico final se constituyeron, asimismo, en las variables principales en lo que hace a la sobreviva global. Los datos finales obtenidos son comparables a los encontrados en la literatura internacional.

Detection of bone marrow-disseminated breast cancer cells using an RT-PCR assay of MUC5B mRNA.

The evaluation of disseminated epithelial tumor cells in breast cancer patients has generated considerable interest due to its potential association with disease recurrence. Our work was performed to analyze the usefulness of 5 mucin genes expression (MUC2, MUC3, MUC5B, MUC6 and MUC7), using RT-PCR assays, to detect disseminated cancer cells in patients with operable breast cancer. The highest frequencies of positive RT-PCR tests in breast tumor extracts were observed for MUC5B (7/15) and MUC7 (5/12). The best specificity, negative results on all peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMN) cell samples from healthy donors, were shown for MUC2, MUC5B and MUC6 RT-PCR assays. Thus, we selected MUC5B as a target gene for further evaluation. Using a nested RT-PCR, MUC5B mRNA transcripts were detected in 16/31 primary breast tumors (but not in 36 samples of normal PBMN cells) and in the human MCF-7 breast cancer cell line but not in BT20, MDA, T47D and ZR-75 breast cancer cell lines, indicating that MUC5B mRNA is expressed in a population of breast cancer cells. Using this method, 9/46 patients (19.5%) who underwent curative surgery showed positive MUC5B mRNA in bone marrow aspirates obtained prior to surgery, including 5/24 patients (20.8%) with stage I or II breast cancer, without histopathologic lymph node involvement. These results indicate that MUC5B mRNA could be a specific marker applicable to the molecular diagnosis of breast cancer cell dissemination. A comparative evaluation between MUC5B mRNA, cytokeratin 19 (CK19) mRNA and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) mRNA in all bone marrow aspirates suggests a putative complementation for molecular detection of disseminated carcinoma cells. Considering that breast cancer is characterized by a great phenotypic heterogeneity, the use of multimarker approach could contribute to tumor cell detection in bone marrow and blood.

Vascularización esplénica: su relación con la cirugía conservadora / Splenic vascularization: its relation with conservative surgery

Se valora la distribución arterial intraesplénica. Se compara una serie en el perro, en el hombre adulto y lactante. No se pudo comprobar la existencia de plano de clivaje alguno y se concluye en la imposibilidad de las resecciones segmentarias